Atomic structure – principles of chemistry and study of biology

Atomic structure – principles of chemistry and study of biology

Chapter 2 : Chemistry

• Relate major principles of chemistry to the study of biology
• Understand atomic structure
• Compare and contrast the major chemical bonds involved in important molecules and compounds
• Identify the major macromolecules that make up living organisms carbon,oxygen,nitrogen,hydrogen
• Explain the importance of the function of each of the four major macromolecules

Carbs-Primary fuel for organisms (CONTAIN CARBON,HYDROGEN,AND OXYGEN)

Lipids- store energy, (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, nonpolar, don’t dissolve in water, phospholipids-most important factor in the cell membrane hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)

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Proteins- body building macromolecules-help fight invading microorgnaisms,control cell activity and some hormones, allow muscle contraction, heart pumping,sperm swim,carry molecules such as oxygen around the body –Amino acids (20) strung together to build up a protein, enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. atomic structure – principles of chemistry and study of biology.

• Nucleic acids- store information on how to build and run a body. There are two types-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – DNA holds the genetic information to build an organism.
• Ribonucleic acid (RNA) – RNA is a universal translator, reading DNA and directing protein production.

Both play central roles in directing the production of proteins

• The information in a molecule of DNA is determined by its sequence of bases.
• Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA  :

• RNA differs from DNA in 3 ways: The sugar molecule of the sugar-phosphate backbone
• Single-stranded
• Uracil (U) replaces thymine (T)
• atomic structure – principles of chemistry and study of biology